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	<title>jklogic.net &#187; Cisco</title>
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	<link>http://jklogic.net</link>
	<description>logical reality</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 19:43:58 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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			<item>
		<title>Configure SSH Access on an ASA</title>
		<link>http://jklogic.net/configure-ssh-access-on-an-asa/</link>
		<comments>http://jklogic.net/configure-ssh-access-on-an-asa/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Apr 2008 08:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SSH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jklogic.net/?p=21</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you have recently tried to setup SSH access on a new ASA, it might not have worked the way you wanted.  That is because the RSA keys need to be generated first.  To do that:
crypto key generate rsa
asa(config)# crypto key generate rsa
INFO: The name for the keys will be: 
Keypair generation process [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you have recently tried to setup SSH access on a new ASA, it might not have worked the way you wanted.  That is because the RSA keys need to be generated first.  To do that:</p>
<div class="code">crypto key generate rsa</div>
<div class="code">asa(config)# crypto key generate rsa<br />
INFO: The name for the keys will be: <Default-RSA-Key><br />
Keypair generation process begin. Please wait&#8230;</div>
<p>And then configure SSH to be allowed from the inside interface:</p>
<div class="code">ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside</div>
<p>Now you will be able to login using the default username and password of pix/cisco, Or you can configure AAA and setup your own usernames.  Doing this will make the pix username no longer work for SSH.</p>
<p>First, a username needs to be created:</p>
<div class="code">username cisco password c1sc0</div>
<p>And then configure AAA:</p>
<div class="code">aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL</div>
<p>Done!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Unable to download NAT policy for ACE</title>
		<link>http://jklogic.net/unable-to-download-nat-policy-for-ace/</link>
		<comments>http://jklogic.net/unable-to-download-nat-policy-for-ace/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Mar 2008 08:05:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ACL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NAT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pix]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jklogic.net/unable-to-download-nat-policy-for-ace/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was working on an ASA config and ran into an interesting error.  I needed to not perform NAT on the traffic from the inside LAN to the DMZ.  I configured an access-list:
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.48.0 255.255.255.0
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.49.0 255.255.255.0
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was working on an ASA config and ran into an interesting error.  I needed to not perform NAT on the traffic from the inside LAN to the DMZ.  I configured an access-list:</p>
<div class="code">access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.48.0 255.255.255.0<br />
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.49.0 255.255.255.0<br />
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.31.3.0 255.255.255.0<br />
access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL extended permit ip 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.31.4.0 255.255.255.0</div>
<p>And then specified to not perform NAT:</p>
<div class="code">nat (inside) 0 access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL<br />
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0</div>
<p>I then needed to add another line to the InsideNoNAT_ACL, and that is where I received the error.</p>
<div class="code">
(config)#access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL  permit 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0  172.31.3.0 255.255.255.0<br />
Unable to download NAT policy for ACE</div>
<p>All this error message is saying is that the new line in the access-list was not added to the active NAT table, but was added to the access-list.  Upon doing some searching, I read in several places that a reboot fixed the problem. While this is true, it is not necessary.  All that needs to be done is to remove and reapply the nat statement.</p>
<div class="code">(config)#no nat (inside) 0 access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL<br />
(config)#nat (inside) 0 access-list InsideNoNAT_ACL</div>
<p>This rebuilds the NAT rules and applies all rules in the ACL.  Much better than a reload!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cisco ASA and ICMP Configurations</title>
		<link>http://jklogic.net/cisco-asa-and-icmp-configurations/</link>
		<comments>http://jklogic.net/cisco-asa-and-icmp-configurations/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2008 15:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pix]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jklogic.net/cisco-asa-and-icmp-configurations/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As I am sure many of you who have ever worked with a Cisco firewall know, ICMP is not allowed through the firewall by default.  If you are just configuring the device, this can make it very difficult to troubleshoot connectivity issues.  Thankfully, there are several ways to get around this.

Solution 1:  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As I am sure many of you who have ever worked with a Cisco firewall know, ICMP is not allowed through the firewall by default.  If you are just configuring the device, this can make it very difficult to troubleshoot connectivity issues.  Thankfully, there are several ways to get around this.<br />
<br />
Solution 1:  Use access-lists to allow pings from inside/DMZ to the outside.<br />
To allow pinging from the inside to the outside interfaces, you will need to configure an access-list for the outside interface.</p>
<div class="code">access-list OUTSIDE_IN_ACL permit icmp any any echo-reply</div>
<p>Then apply the access-list to the outside interface.</p>
<div class="code">access-group OUTSIDE_IN_ACL in interface outside</div>
<p>This will allow only ping.  If you would like to allow trace route, you will also need to allow time-exceeded.</p>
<div class="code">access-list OUTSIDE_IN_ACL permit icmp any any time-exceeded</div>
<p>Solution 2: Use access-list to allow ping and trace route from the internet to your dmz/inside servers.<br />
To do this, we are going to build off of what we did above, so you should already have this in the config.</p>
<p><span id="more-19"></span></p>
<div class="code">access-list OUTSIDE_IN_ACL permit icmp any any echo-reply<br />
access-list OUTSIDE_IN_ACL permit icmp any any time-exceeded<br />
access-group OUTSIDE_IN_ACL in interface outside</div>
<p>Now all we need to do is allow echo into the network.</p>
<div class="code">access-list OUTSIDE_IN_ACL permit icmp any any echo</div>
<p>Even though we are allowing icmp, we still need to have a static mapping to allow the packets to reach the DMZ.</p>
<div class="code">static (dmz,outside) PUBLIC_IP DMZ_IP netmask 255.255.255.255</div>
<p>Of course, you will need to have a static mapping for every server you want to have reachable from the internet.<br />
<br />
Solution 3: This is a bit more complex, but will allow higher security level interfaces to ping/trace route lower security level interfaces without the use of access-lists.  To do this, we will tell the ASA to inspect icmp in a service policy.  If you are using a ASA, you should have a default policy in the base config called global_policy.</p>
<p>global_policy:</p>
<div class="code">class-map inspection_default<br />
match default-inspection-traffic<br />
!<br />
!<br />
policy-map type inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1<br />
parameters<br />
message-length maximum 512<br />
policy-map global_policy<br />
class inspection_default<br />
inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1<br />
inspect ftp<br />
inspect h323 h225<br />
inspect h323 ras<br />
inspect rsh<br />
inspect rtsp<br />
inspect esmtp<br />
inspect sqlnet<br />
inspect skinny<br />
inspect sunrpc<br />
inspect xdmcp<br />
inspect sip<br />
inspect netbios<br />
inspect tftp<br />
!<br />
service-policy global_policy global</div>
<p>To add icmp inspection.</p>
<div class="code">
FW-ASA(config)# policy-map global_policy<br />
FW-ASA(config-pmap)# class inspection_default<br />
FW-ASA(config-pmap-c)# inspect icmp</div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>68</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cisco IOS to CatOS Etherchannel Configuration</title>
		<link>http://jklogic.net/cisco-ios-to-catos-etherchannel-configuration/</link>
		<comments>http://jklogic.net/cisco-ios-to-catos-etherchannel-configuration/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 19:02:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CatOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Etherchannel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jklogic.net/cisco-ios-to-catos-etherchannel-configuration/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here are the relevant parts of the configuration to setup an etherchannel between an IOS device and a CatOS device.  First lets start with the CatOS device, in this case a 6509.  We will be using ports 3/9 and 3/10.
We first need to set the ports we want to use to be a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are the relevant parts of the configuration to setup an etherchannel between an IOS device and a CatOS device.  First lets start with the CatOS device, in this case a 6509.  We will be using ports 3/9 and 3/10.</p>
<p>We first need to set the ports we want to use to be a trunk.  Here we are forcing dot1q.</p>
<div class="code">6509#set trunk 3/1-2 nonegotiate dot1q</div>
<p>Now we need to setup the port channels.  These channels will be used as 1 and aggregate bandwidth between them.</p>
<div class="code">6509#set port channel 3/9-10</div>
<p>Note: There is an option at the end of this command to specify the admin group.  This is how the CatOS groups the ports.  If you do not specify the admin group, the CatOS will automatically assign one.  This is something to watch out for if you set each port separately.</p>
<p><span id="more-17"></span></p>
<p>Now, turn the port channel on.</p>
<div class="code">6509#set port channel 3/9-10 mode on</div>
<p>That is it for the CatOS.  The config for the IOS is quite a bit different.  First, create a port channel interface and make it a trunk.</p>
<div class="code">3750(config)#interface port-channel 1<br />
3750(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q<br />
3750(config-if)#switchport mode trunk</div>
<p>Assign ports to the port channel group.</p>
<div class="code">3750(config)#interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1<br />
3750(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on<br />
3750(config-if)#interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2<br />
3750(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on </div>
<p>Just connect the ports and everything should come up.  To check on the CatOS.</p>
<div class="code">6509#show port channel<br />
Port  Status     Channel              Admin Ch  Mode                 Group Id<br />
&#8212;&#8211; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &#8212;&#8211; &#8212;&#8211;<br />
3/9  connected  on                     746  1734<br />
3/10 connected  on                     746  1734</p>
<p>Port  Device-ID                       Port-ID                   Platform<br />
&#8212;&#8211; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
3/9  3750                                GigabitEthernet1/0/1      cisco WS-C3750-48P<br />
3/10 3750                                GigabitEthernet1/0/2      cisco WS-C3750-48P</p>
</div>
<p>Here, both ports 3/9 and 3/10 show as connected and on the same admin channel.</p>
<p>And for the IOS.</p>
<div class="code">3750#show etherchannel summary<br />
Flags:  D &#8211; down        P &#8211; in port-channel<br />
I &#8211; stand-alone s &#8211; suspended<br />
H &#8211; Hot-standby (LACP only)<br />
R &#8211; Layer3      S &#8211; Layer2<br />
U &#8211; in use      f &#8211; failed to allocate aggregator<br />
u &#8211; unsuitable for bundling<br />
w &#8211; waiting to be aggregated<br />
d &#8211; default port</p>
<p>Number of channel-groups in use: 1<br />
Number of aggregators:           1</p>
<p>Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports<br />
&#8212;&#8212;+&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-+&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;+&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
1      Po1(SU)          &#8211;        Gi1/0/1(P)  Gi2/0/1(P)
</p></div>
<p>The last line is the important one.  Notice that is shows both ports are in port channel 1.</p>
<p>To configure and IOS to IOS etherchannel, just repeat the exact steps for the IOS on the second switch.<br />
That&#8217;s all there is to it.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Vista VPN to Cisco Pix devices</title>
		<link>http://jklogic.net/vista-vpn-to-cisco-pix-devices/</link>
		<comments>http://jklogic.net/vista-vpn-to-cisco-pix-devices/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Oct 2007 14:46:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vista]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PPTP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VPN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jklogic.net/vista-vpn-to-cisco-pix-devices/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While trying to setup Vista to connect to new client’s network using a VPN, I kept running into problems and could not get it to connect.  I was attempting to connect to a PPTP VPN on a Pix 500 series firewall.  The error I kept getting was “Failed to connect to VPN Connection”. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal">While trying to setup Vista to connect to new client’s network using a VPN, I kept running into problems and could not get it to connect.<span>  </span>I was attempting to connect to a PPTP VPN on a Pix 500 series firewall.<span>  </span>The error I kept getting was “Failed to connect to VPN Connection”.<span> </span>I tested the connection with XP and was able to connect without any issues.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span id="more-11"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Come to find out, Microsoft deprecated MSCHAP v1 from Vista!<span>  </span>Vista only supports MSCHAP v2, CHAP, and PAP.<span>  </span>Cisco does not support MSCHAP v2 in the 6.x line of software for the PIX.<span>  </span>Unfortunately, I was connecting to a Pix 501 and did not have the option to upgrade to version 7.x software which does support MSCHAP v2.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Since the only option left is to use CHAP, I had reconfigured the VPN connection in Vista.<span>  </span>To do this:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Go to Properties of the VPN connection</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-&gt; Security Tab</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-&gt; Select Advanced (custom settings)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-&gt; Click Settings</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-&gt; Set Data encryption to optional</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-&gt; Then check CHAP under Allow these protocols</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Now I am able to connect without any problems.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Please note that CHAP should not be considered secure.<span>  </span>While it is better than PAP in that is uses encryption, it is only one-way and therefore should be used with caution.</p>
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